How child maintenance is calculated

The CMS formula in plain English: gross income bands, shared care reductions, and when a family based arrangement is better.

Updated 19 August 2026·6 min read
Written by CalmSplit Editorial TeamReviewed by Ramani GillLast reviewed 19 August 2026England & Wales

Child maintenance is normally calculated by formula rather than argued in court. The Child Maintenance Service uses the paying parent's gross income from HMRC data.

The main steps

  1. Take the paying parent's gross annual income.
  2. Adjust for their own pension contributions and other children they support.
  3. Apply the rate band for the number of children.
  4. Reduce for shared care, based on the number of nights per year.

Family based arrangements

If you agree between yourselves you avoid CMS fees and keep flexibility for extras like school trips and uniforms. Put it in writing so both of you have the same reference point.

This article is general information about the law of England and Wales, not legal advice. For advice on your situation, speak to a solicitor.

Related CalmSplit service

Child arrangements service →

Frequently asked questions

Does maintenance stop at 18? ▼

It usually continues while a child is in approved full-time non-advanced education, typically up to 20.

What if income is hidden? ▼

You can ask the CMS for a variation, for example where there is unearned income or diverted income.

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